HEISEN, JOANN, HEFFERNAN
DIRECTOR
07/01/1998
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
DIRECTOR
direct
1998-07-01
MCNABB, FREDERICK, WILLIAM
CHAIRMAN
08/01/2008
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHAIRMAN
direct
2008-08-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
CHAIRMAN, PRESIDENT AND CEO
direct
2008-09-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GROUP INC
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
1997-08-01
2002-01-24
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2000-01-01
2007-08-10
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
1995-08-01
2007-10-11
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR
direct
2008-03-01
2008-03-28
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR AND PRESIDENT
direct
2008-03-01
2008-06-05
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR, PRESIDENT, AND CEO
direct
2008-08-01
2009-03-30
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
CHAIRMAN, DIRECTOR, PRESIDENT AND CEO
direct
2008-09-01
2009-06-18
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
direct
2012-06-01
2012-06-14
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND ELECTED MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
2016-12-16
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
PRESIDENT, CEO, AND CHAIRMAN
direct
2008-08-01
2017-08-09
VANGUARD ADMIRAL FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
12/01/1992
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1992-12-01
VANGUARD OHIO TAX-FREE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
06/01/1990
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1990-06-01
VANGUARD VALLEY FORGE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
11/01/1992
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1992-11-01
VANGUARD TAX-MANAGED FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
09/01/1994
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1994-09-01
VANGUARD WHITEHALL FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
02/01/1996
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1996-02-01
VANGUARD HORIZON FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
06/01/1995
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1995-06-01
VANGUARD SCOTTSDALE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
11/01/2009
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
2009-11-01
VANGUARD NEW JERSEY TAX-FREE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
09/01/1987
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1987-09-01
VANGUARD CALIFORNIA TAX-FREE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
10/01/1985
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1985-10-01
VANGUARD NEW YORK TAX-FREE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
01/01/1986
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1986-01-01
VANGUARD PENNSYLVANIA TAX-FREE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
01/01/1986
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1986-01-01
VANGUARD CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND
STOCKHOLDER
04/01/1986
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1986-04-01
VANGUARD QUANTITATIVE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
08/01/1986
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1986-08-01
VANGUARD VARIABLE INSURANCE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
04/01/1991
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1991-04-01
VANGUARD MASSACHUSETTS TAX-EXEMPT FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
07/01/1992
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1992-07-01
VANGUARD WELLINGTON FUND
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD WORLD FUND
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD TRUSTEES' EQUITY FUND
STOCKHOLDER
02/01/1980
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1980-02-01
VANGUARD EXPLORER FUND
STOCKHOLDER
12/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-12-01
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1972-12-01
2007-10-11
VANGUARD MORGAN GROWTH FUND
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD WELLESLEY INCOME FUND
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
08/01/1976
Direct
25 - 50%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1976-08-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
STOCKHOLDER
indirect
1976-08-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
STOCKHOLDER
indirect
1976-08-01
VANGUARD INVESTMENTS EUROPE SA
STOCKHOLDER
indirect
1976-08-01
VANGUARD ASSET MANAGEMENT, LIMITED
STOCKHOLDER
indirect
1976-08-01
VANGUARD INVESTMENTS AUSTRALIA LIMITED
STOCKHOLDER
indirect
1976-08-01
VANGUARD BOND INDEX FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
12/01/1986
Direct
10 - 25%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1986-12-01
VANGUARD FENWAY FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
11/01/1987
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1987-11-01
VANGUARD MALVERN FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
11/01/1988
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1988-11-01
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
04/01/1990
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1990-04-01
VANGUARD FIXED INCOME SECURITIES FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD MONEY MARKET RESERVES
STOCKHOLDER
05/01/1975
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1975-05-01
VANGUARD MUNICIPAL BOND FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
09/01/1977
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1977-09-01
VANGUARD SPECIALIZED FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
10/01/1983
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1983-10-01
VANGUARD CHESTER FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
08/01/1984
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
VANGUARD GROUP INC
STOCKHOLDER
direct
1984-08-01
BUCKLEY, MORTIMER, JOSEPH
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, PRESIDENT, AND DIRECTOR
01/01/2018
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2003-01-01
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER
direct
2003-01-01
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR AND PRESIDENT
direct
2017-07-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2006-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND ELECTED MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND ELECTED MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, AND MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
PEROLD, ANDRE, FRANCOIS
DIRECTOR
12/01/2004
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2004-12-01
FIRST QUADRANT LP
CHAIRMAN OF THE ADVISORY PANEL, LIMITED PARTNER
direct
2005-01-01
HIGHVISTA STRATEGIES LLC
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, MANAGER
direct
2005-01-01
HIGHVISTA STRATEGIES LLC
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, MANAGER
direct
2005-02-01
HIGHVISTA STRATEGIES LLC
MANAGER
indirect
2012-02-01
HIGHVISTA STRATEGIES LLC
PARTNER
indirect
2017-03-01
HIGHVISTA STRATEGIES LLC
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, MANAGING PARTNER
direct
2017-03-01
GUTMANN, AMY
DIRECTOR
06/01/2006
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2006-06-01
VANGUARD MONTGOMERY FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
11/01/2007
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
2007-11-01
FULLWOOD, EMERSON, U
DIRECTOR
01/01/2008
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2008-01-01
VOLANAKIS, PETER, FREDERICK
DIRECTOR
12/01/2008
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2008-12-01
NORRIS, JAMES, MAURICE
MANAGING DIRECTOR
03/01/2009
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2009-03-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND ELECTED MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
MANAGER
direct
2012-06-01
VANGUARD ASSET MANAGEMENT, LIMITED
DIRECTOR
direct
2010-05-01
VANGUARD INVESTMENTS AUSTRALIA LIMITED
DIRECTOR
direct
2008-05-01
LOUGHREY, FRANCIS, JOSEPH
DIRECTOR
10/01/2009
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2009-10-01
VANGUARD STAR FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
03/01/2009
Direct
5 - 10%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
2009-03-01
VANGUARD CHARLOTTE FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
10/01/2011
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
2011-10-01
KING, MARTHA, GEIGER
MANAGING DIRECTOR
03/01/2012
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2012-03-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2011-06-01
MCISAAC, CHRISTOPHER, DAVIS
MANAGING DIRECTOR
03/01/2012
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2012-03-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2012-01-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND ELECTED MANAGER
direct
2015-07-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND MANAGER
direct
2015-07-01
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS, LLC
ELECTED MANAGER
direct
2015-07-01
MALPASS, SCOTT, CHARLES
DIRECTOR
03/01/2012
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
TIFF ADVISORY SERVICES, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2011-12-01
TIFF ENDOWMENT ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC
DIRECTOR
indirect
2011-12-01
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2012-03-01
CATHOLIC INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC.
SECRETARY AND TRUSTEE
direct
2013-12-01
COMMONFUND CAPITAL INC
DIRECTOR
direct
1994-01-01
2001-12-21
LOUGHRIDGE, MARK
DIRECTOR
03/01/2012
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2012-03-01
MARCANTE, JOHN, THOMAS
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER
03/01/2013
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2013-03-01
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER
direct
2013-03-01
RAMPULLA, THOMAS, MARK
MANAGING DIRECTOR
07/01/2015
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2015-07-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2015-05-01
RISI, KARIN, ANN
MANAGING DIRECTOR
07/01/2015
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2015-07-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2015-05-01
HOUSTON, SARAH, LIANE
CHIEF AUDIT EXECUTIVE
07/01/2015
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
CHIEF AUDIT EXECUTIVE
direct
2015-07-01
ROLLINGS, MICHAEL, THOMAS
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
06/01/2016
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
direct
2006-04-01
MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND ACTING CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
direct
2006-04-01
MML INVESTORS SERVICES, LLC
DIRECTOR
direct
2006-12-01
OPPENHEIMERFUNDS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2010-01-01
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
direct
2016-06-01
BABSON CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS
direct
2005-05-01
CORNERSTONE REAL ESTATE ADVISERS LLC
MANAGING MEMBER
indirect
2005-05-01
CORNERSTONE REAL ESTATE ADVISERS LLC
MANAGER
direct
2006-08-01
CORNERSTONE REAL ESTATE ADVISERS LLC
MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS
direct
2006-08-01
CORNERSTONE REAL ESTATE ADVISERS LLC
MANAGING MEMBER
direct
2006-08-01
CORNERSTONE REAL ESTATE ADVISERS LLC
DIRECTOR
direct
2006-08-01
CORNERSTONE REAL ESTATE ADVISERS LLC
MANAGING MEMBER
indirect
2008-07-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR
direct
2016-09-01
MML INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC
DIRECTOR
direct
2013-10-01
SOCIETY OF GROWNUPS, LLC
DIRECTOR
direct
2014-04-01
SOCIETY OF GROWNUPS, LLC
MANAGER
direct
2014-04-01
ROBINSON, ANNE, ELIZABETH
GENERAL COUNSEL, MANAGING DIRECTOR, AND SECRETARY
09/01/2016
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
GENERAL COUNSEL, MANAGING DIRECTOR, AND SECRETARY
direct
2016-09-01
VANGUARD ADVISERS INC
DIRECTOR AND GENERAL COUNSEL
direct
2016-09-01
JAMES, JOHN, MARK
MANAGING DIRECTOR
12/01/2016
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
direct
2016-12-01
VANGUARD ASSET MANAGEMENT, LIMITED
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
direct
2015-08-01
DVORAK, BRIAN, WAYNE
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER
06/01/2017
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER
direct
2017-06-01
MULLIGAN, DEANNA, MARIE
DIRECTOR
07/01/2017
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
GUARDIAN BAILLIE GIFFORD LIMITED
CHAIRMAN/NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
direct
2011-06-01
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2017-07-01
RS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO. LLC
CHAIRMAN & DIRECTOR
direct
2011-07-01
RASKIN, SARAH, BLOOM
DIRECTOR
07/01/2017
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
DIRECTOR
direct
2017-07-01
DAVIS, GREGORY
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER
07/01/2017
Direct
less than 5%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER
direct
2017-07-01
VANGUARD INSTITUTIONAL INDEX FUNDS
STOCKHOLDER
02/01/2018
Direct
5 - 10%
Fund Name
Position
direct/indirect
start date
end date
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
STOCKHOLDER
direct
2018-02-01